11-A
(CAST)
 CLOVIS BONE WRENCH
MURRAY SPRINGS SITE--ARIZONA
(CAST)--THE MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA

   This Bone Wrench was found in a mammoth footprint at the Murray Springs site in Arizona. It's an important artifact because it may relate to similar examples found in Russia and Ukraine. The cast shown in this picture was molded several years ago from the original artifact. Wear patterns at the top and bottom of the hole indicate it may have been used to straighten spear shafts made of either wood, ivory or bone. A 25,000 year old child's grave in western Russia contained a spear of straightened ivory. This shaft straightener is also very similar to examples found in Europe on Upper Paleolithic sites. It was made from a long bone of a mammoth and measures ten inches long.

Clovis bone wrench from Murray Springs site.               Clovis bone wrench and Clovis point from Murray Springs and Fenn.

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